씨앗은행

Acorus calamus

Araceae

Sweet flag.

Gharbach, swetbach. (Bangladesh), Bhoja (India), Dringo, jerangau putih(Indonesia), Changpo (Korea), Jerangau, deringu, jerangoh (peninsular). (Malaysia), Bojho(Nepal), Lubigan (tagalog) (Philippines), Wadakaha (Sri Lanka)

A perennial herb with indefinitely branched rhizomes, creeping in mud. Rhizomescylindrical or somewhat compressed. Leaves are few, distichously alternate, formingerect tufts at the extremities of rhizomes. Scapes arise from the outer leaves. (India)
A herb that spreads horizontally with its rhizome which extend to 1m long. Rhizome,near-cylindrical, to 1.8cm in diameter, light-green and pinkish toward the growing tip.Roots, fibrous, grow from the under side of the rhizome. Leave sheathed and growfrom the nodes, sword-shaped, upright to 1.2m tall and 1.5cm wide with pointed tips.Inflorescence, a cylindrical spadix which is covered by a longer leaf-like spathe;flowers minute and greenish-yellow in colour. (Indonesia)
Rhizomes short, with a few thickened roots; stems erect, branched above, ratherslender, glabrous, 50-80mm Long;ridical and lower cauline leaves petiolate, simplypinnate, 10-25mm Long, the leaflets or segments 5-9, sometimes 3, lanceolate, thelower 2- or 3-lobed, sessile or short-etiolulate, often 3- to 5-fid near the base, theupper ones decurrent to the base, the terminal lobes often 3-fid, rather firm, 4-8cmlong, 7-20mm wide, acute, with minute marginal teeth, often loosely papillate-pilosulous on the nerves on upper side, paler and prominently veined beneath, slightlycartilaginous on the margin, the upper leaves reduced to slender much-inflatedsheaths; umbels few, on long slightly papillate peduncles, the rays 8-12, unequal, 2-5cm long, whitepapillate on the inner side, the pedicels 3-7mm long; fruit broadlyovate-elliptic, suboubicular in cross section, glabrous, about 2mm long, with verynarrowly winged lateral ribs, the calyx-teeth obsolete, the stylopodium short andsmall. (Korea)
The plant is a hardy, herbaceous perennial, adapted to moist soil. The sword likeleaves of the sweetflag resemble those of other flags so much that the plant is difficultto distinguish except when it is in flower. The pointed, sheathing leaves are from 2 to6 feet in height and about 1 inch in width. Flowers are small greenish-yellow, borne ina fleshy spike about 3 inches long. Berries are green, angular,1-3 seeded. The longcreeping rhizomes are thick and fleshy, somewhat spongy, dark-brown to orange -brown. The root is pungent and aromatic. (Malaysia)
A perrennial herbaceous plant 60-70cm height. (Mongolia)
Semi-aquatic, aromatic rhizomatous herb, with linear, distichous leaves, and greenflowers in spadix. (Nepal)
An aromatic, marshy herb with a stout creeping and branching rootstock; leavessimple, distichous, ensiform, 90-180cm long, 1.6-3.7cm broad, bright-green, acute,thickened in the middle, margin wavy, sheaths equitant, nerves parallel; spatheformed from the ensiform, ehngate, acuminate summit of the leaf-like stem, 15-75cmlong; spadix sessile, cylindrical, 5-l0 cm long, 1.2-1.8cm diameter, obtuse, slightlycurved, green, densely clothed with bisexual flowers; perianth of 6 lobes, oblong-obovate, acute, scarious, thicker at the top and bent inward; stamens 6, opposite to andas long as the perianth leaves, filaments linear and flat, anthers reniform, yellow, cellsconfluent above, extrose; ovary superior, conical, 2 or 3-chambered, stigma sessile,minute, ovules pendulous from the top of the loculi, orthotropous; fruit a 3 or more-seeded berry, turbinate, prismatic, top pyramidal, indehiscent. (Sri Lanka)
A perennial glabrous herb 150cm tall, extensively branched, 3cm in diameter, leaveserect. Inflorescence arising from the rhizome, erect, with a cylindrical, straight orslightly curved spadix up to 10cm long; flowers densely arranged on a spadix,bisexual, 3-merous. (Philippines)

Emetic, anti spasmodic, carminative, expectorant, asthma, bronchitis, diarrhoea(Bangladesh)
Fever, bronchitis, rheumatism, diarrhoea, colic, helminthiasis, cough, otalgia,inflammation, gout, epilepsy, convulsions, tumours, dysentery, skin diseases (India)
Inflammation, rheumatism, lumbago, skin diseases, child birth, anti bacterial,analgesic, anti depressant, diuretic, anti pyretic. (Indonesia)
Refreshing, aromatic strengthen-stomach (Korea)
Diarrhoea, dysentery, atonic, dyspepsia, asthma, skin diseases, child birth, tooth ache(Malaysia)
Poor appetite, digestion disturbance, gastrointerits, gastroalgia, stomach ulcer,stimulant, depression, epilepsia, cough (Mongolia)
Diarrhoea, dysentery, bronchial infections, carminative (Nepal)
Tooth ache, stimulant (Philippines)
Anaemia, carminative, bowel complaints, colitis, emetic, indigestion, stimulant,cough, diuretic, rheumatism, piles, bronchial ailments, fever, flatulence, haemorrhage,anthelmintics, dropsy, dysentery, stomachic (Sri Lanka)

Indonesia - Cimanggu
Korea - Gyeongnam Hamyang Medicinal Plant Experimantal Station
Mongolia - Khubsugul, Khangai, Great Khingan, East Mongolia.
Nepal - Daman, Makawanpur
Philippines - LBES Medicinal Genebank, ERDB
Sri Lanka - Naula, Bibila, Kanneliya, Ritigala, Meegahak, Pinna, Pallekale, Pattipola,Giradurukotte

Acorus calamus (GRIN)

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