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Bixa orellana

Scientific Name
Bixa orellana
Family Name
Bixaceae
Common Names
Arnotta plant, annatto.
Local Names
Latkan, utkana. (Bangladesh), Senduria (India), Kesumba, gelinggem(Indonesia), Achuete (Philippines)
Description
A shrub or small evergreen tree growing up to 6m tall, with more or less smooth bark.Leaves, glabrous, ovate, base, subcordate, apex acuminate, scaly on both surfaceswhen young. Petioles slender. Flowers pink or white, fragrant, borne in terminalpanicles. Capsules red or green in colour, ovaoid or subglobose, softly prickly,containing trigonous seeds with a red, pulpy covering. (India)
A small tree to about 4m tall. Stem-bark fibrous and covered with dark red scaleswhen young. Leaves spirally arranged, glabrous, ovate with acuminate tips, to 20cmx13cm, petiole to 6cm long with both ends swollen. Inflorescence at stem terminal,panicle of bout 10cm long with 1-3 flowers per branch; sepals 5, small to 2mm indiameter and greenish-coloured; petals 5, to 2.5cm x 1.8cm, pink-coloured; stamensnumerous with pink anthers and, yellow and pink filament; ovary superior with a1.5cm long style. Fruit, a capsule with 2 carpels, red-coloured and covered with softbristle, dehiscent when dried and splits into 2 part releasing many seeds, each seed5mm in size and covered with orange-red aril. (Indonesia)
Uses
Gonorrhea, jaundice, fever, dysentery (Bangladesh)
Anti dysenteric, laxative, febrifuge, epilepsy, kidney, skin diseases, pulp burns,blisters, stringent, febrifuge, leprosy, throat, infusion, jaundice, dysentery (India)
Dandruff, bombard, spruce (Indonesia)
Asthma (Philippines)
Locations Where Plants Is Conserved
Indonesia - Petak pamer
Philippines - LBES Medicinal Genebank, ERDB
Remarks
Bixa orellana (GRIN)

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