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Brucea javanica

Scientific Name
Brucea javanica
Family Name
Simaroubaceae
Common Names
Local Names
Kuwalot (Indonesia), Embalau padang, kusum, lada pahit (peninsular).(Malaysia), Balaniog (general),magkayapos (samar, leyte, bisaya),manongao-bobi (cebubisaya) (Philippines), Xoan rừng, sầu đâu cứt chuột, cứt dê (Vietnam)
Description
A monoecious or dioecious shrub or small tree up to 10m tall with soft-haired twigsand leaves. Leaves arranged spirally, imparipinnate, short petiolulate, ovate-oblong toovate-lanceolate, margin bluntly serrate or crenate, secondary veins unbranched andterminating in a marginal gland. Inflorescence axillary, pubescent, composed of smallcymes united into bracreate, raceme-like thyrses. Flowers unisexual, 4-merous, small,greenish-white to grenish red or purple; sepals connate at base; petals free; diskintrastaminal, thick, 4-lobed; stamens short, vestigial or absent in female flowers;ovaries superior, free each with a single, pendent ovule, styles free or coherent at base,subulate, bent outwards over the top of the ovary. Fruit consisting of 1-4 hardly fleshydrupelets; drupelet 2-ribbed, dry, purplish-black and 4-5(-7)mm long when mature,pyrene with wrinkled endocarp. Seed ovoid, with thin testa and very thin endosperm.Seedling with epigeal germination; cotyledons emergent, leafy; hypocotyl elongated;first two leaves opposite, subsequent ones arranged spirally; first few leaves 3-foliolate, later ones with increasing number of leaflets. (Indonesia)
A monoecious or dioecious shrub or small tree up to 10m tall with soft-haired twigsand leaves. Leaves arranged spirally, imparipinnate, 20-50cm long, exstipulate;leaflets 3-15, opposite, short petiolulate, ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, marginbluntly serrate or crenate, secondary veins unbranched and terminating in a marginalgland. Inflorescence axillary, pubescent, composed of small cymes united intobracteate, raceme-like thyrses. Flowers unisexual, 4-merous, small, greenish-white togreenish-red or purple; sepals connate at base; petals free; disk intrastaminal, thick, 4-lobed; stamens short, vestigial or absent in female flowers; ovaries superior, free, eachwith a single, pendent ovule, styles free or coherent at base, subulate, bent outwardsover the top of the ovary. Fruit consisting of 1-4 hardly fleshy drupelets; drupelet 2-ribbed, dry, purplish-black and 4-5(-7)mm long when mature, pyrene with wrinkledendocarp. Seed ovoid, with thin testa and very thin endosperm. Seedling with epigealgermination; cotyledons emergent, leafy; hypocotyls elongated; first two leavesopposite, subsequent ones arranged spirally; first few leaves 3-foliolate, later oneswith increasing number of leaflets. (Malaysia)
A shrub or small tree up to 10m tall with soft-haired twigs and leaves; leaves arrangedspirally; inflorescence axillary, pubescent, composed of small cymes; flowersunisexual, small, greenish-white to greenish-red or purple; fruit consisting of 1-4hardly fleshy drupelets. (Philippines)
Evergreen shrub, about 2m. high. Young parts softly pubescent. Leaves unequallypinnate, altemate; leaflets coarsely crenate-toothed, villous on both sides, especially beneath. Innorescence in tomentose axillary raceme: flowers small, unisexual, dioecious. Drupe ovoid, black when ripe; seeds compressed, rugose, blackish-brown. (Vietnam)
Uses
Dysentery, diarrhoea, malaria, febrifuge, haemorrhoids, corns, warts, ulcers, cancer(Indonesia)
Diarrhoea, malaria, febrifuge, haemorrhoids, corns, warts, ulcers, cancer, insecticide,spleen, scurf, ringworms, boils, bites, abdominal ailments, pains, cough, poisoning,tooth ache (Malaysia)
Dysentery, diarrhoea, malaria, febrifuge (Philippines)
Parasiticide, amoebiasis, malaria, vomiting, haemorrhoids (Vietnam)
Locations Where Plants Is Conserved
Indonesia - Manoko
Vietnam - Ha Noi
Remarks
Brucea javanica (GRIN)

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