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Caesalpinia sappan

Scientific Name
Caesalpinia sappan
Family Name
Caesalpiniaceae
Common Names
Brazil wood tree
Local Names
Bakam (India), Secang (Indonesia), Sapang (murut, sabah) (Malaysia),Sapang (Philippines), Patangi (Sri Lanka), Tô mộc, gỗ vang, vang nhuộm, cây tô phượng (Vietnam)
Description
A small thorny tree with prickly branches. Leaves with 8-12 pairs of oblong leafletsand small prickles; leaflets inequilateral and rounded at the apex. Flowers yellow interminal and axillary panicles. Fruits woody, sub-compressed with a hard recurvedshort beak. Seeds 3-4 per pod. (India)
A small shrubby tree, 4-8m, long-lived, evergreen tree up to 30m tall, with a shortstocky trunk; in some cultivars branches crooked or twisting, spreading, forming acrown broader than hight; in other cultivars branches fairly straight and upright,forming a compact rounded crown. Leaves alternate, pinnately compound, 2-4(-5)jugate, petiolules 3-8mm long; leaflets oblong lanceolate, (3-)8-11(-16)cm x 1,75-4cm,chartaceous to coriaceous, glossy and deep green above, glaucous beneath.Inflorescences many-branched panicles, 5-30cm long, many flowered; flowers small,yellowish-white, functionally male or female; calyx 4-merous; corolla absent; stamens6(-10), filaments in male flowers at least twice the length of the calyx, in femaleflowers very short. Fruit a rounded, ovoid or heart-shaped drupe, ca. 3-3,5cm indiameter; exocarp thin, leathery, bright red to purplish, nearly smooth or scaly todensely set with flat, conical, acute warts; the fleshy edible portion is the aril; anoutgrowth of the seed stalk, in good fruits comprising 70-80% of the fruit weight; arilwhite and translucent. Seed 10-23mm x 6-12mm, brown. (Indonesia)
A shrub or small tree up to 10m tall; branchlets usually armed with recurved prickles;leaves paripinnate, rachis 25-40cm long, with 9-14 pairs of pinnae, pinna 6-15cm long,stipules 3-4mm long, caducous, leaflets opposite, 10-20 pairs per pinna, baseobliquely truncate, apex retuse or rounded; panicle supra-axillary or terminal, 10-40cm long; flowers bisexual, sepals 7-10mm x 4mm, petals 9-12mm x 6-10mm, theupper one smaller, ovary with 3-6 ovules; pod flat oblongoid-obovoid, 6-10cm x 3-4cm, 2-5-seeded, dehiscent, glabrous; seed ellipsoid, brown or black. (Malaysia)
A shrub or small tree up to 10m tall, branchlets usually armed with recurved prickles;leaves paripinnate; flowers bisexual; pod flat, 2-5 seeded, dehiscent; seed ellipsoid,brown or black. (Philippines)
Small tree, 5-7m. in height, with hard wood, brownish-red. Stems prickly. Youngshoots tomentose, branches glabrous; covered with short spines. Leaves altemate,pinnate; leaflets trapeziform, glabrous above, tomentose beneath. (Vietnam)
Uses
Tuberculosis, diarrhoea, dysentery, astringent, vulnerary (Indonesia)
Astringent, tuberculosis, diarrhoea, dysentery, vulnerary, sedative, blood tonic,pulmonary diseases, expectorant, emmenagogue, refreshing, haemostatic,haemoptysis, haemorrhage, lumbago, emmenagogue (Malaysia)
Haemorrhage (Philippines)
Emmenagogue, dropsy, renal, astringent, haemorrhage, diarrhoea, lung ailments,leucoderma, vulnerary, dysmenorrhoea, sapraemia, skin diseases (Sri Lanka)
Demulcent, haemostatic, dysentery, diarrhoea, intestinal, uterine, haemorrhage, postpartum, haematometra, contusions, wounds, dysmenorrhoea, colic, furunculosis,impetigo, leucoderma, anaemia, anti bacterial (Vietnam)
Locations Where Plants Is Conserved
Indonesia - Manoko
Philippines - UPLB National Plant and Genetic Resources Laboratory
Sri Lanka - Naula, Bibila, Meegahak, Pinna, Haldummu
Vietnam - Sa Pa
Remarks
Caesalpinia sappan (GRIN)

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